Number sort to 02.rk

Class-Defined Main Test9

Theory-name Neo-Liberal -Realism-Modified Structural Hybrid - Robert O

Keohane -multidimensional approach=Institutional Liberalism

Theory-Purpose incorporate several analytical frameworks or research

programs. Includes balance of Power where useful to

Note - should incorporate structural realism = has clarity and

parsimony, the range of phenomena it encompasses is

limited.

- needs better theories of domestic politics, decision making

and information processing - so gap between external and

internal environments can be bridged in systematic way.

NAIC Keohane, P.191

- Modified Structural analysis can provide a context within

which an analysis of cognition is politically more meaningful.



- knowing maxims of int'l rela theory, must know enough

history to place them in context - then useful guides for

interpreting events..

- Necessary to remain skeptical of int'l theory and maintain

critical analysis. NAIC Keohane, p 3

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Complex Interdependence Theory

The term 'complex interdependence' was developed by

Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye and refers to the various,

complex transnational connections (interdependencies)

between states and societies. Interdependence theorists

noted that such relations, particularly economic ones, were

increasing; while the use of military force and power

balancing were decreasing (but remained important).

Reflecting on these developments, they argued that the

decline of military force as a policy tool and the increase in

economic and other forms of interdependence should

increase the probability of cooperation among states. The

complex interdependence framework can be seen as an

attempt to synthesize elements of realist and liberal thought.

Finally, anticipating problems of cheating and relative gains

raised by realists, interdependence theorists introduced the

concept of 'regimes' to mitigate anarchy and facilitate

cooperation. Here, we can see an obvious connection to

neo-liberal institutionalism. See Keohane, R. and J. Nye.

1977. Power and Interdependence: World Politics in

Transition. Little-Brown, Boston. (2nd edition,1989). From

http://www.irtheory.com/know.htm



Neoliberal Institutionalism

Encompasses those theories which argue that international

institutions play an important role in coordinating international

cooperation. Proponents begin with the same assumptions

used by realists, except for the following: where realists

assume that states focus on relative gains and the potential

for conflict, neoliberal institutionalists assume that states

concentrate on absolute gains and the prospects for

cooperation. Neoliberal institutionalists believe that the

potential for conflict is overstated by realists and suggest

that there are countervailing forces, such as repeated

interactions, that propel states toward cooperation. They

regard cheating as the greatest threat to cooperation and

anarchy as the lack of organization to enforce rules against

cheating. Institutions are described by neoliberals as

'persistent and connected sets of rules (formal or informal)

that prescribe behavioral roles, constrain activity, and shape

expectations' (Keohane, R. 'International Institutions: Two

Approaches', in International Studies Quarterly 32, 1988).

Robert Keohane is the scholar most closely identified with

neoliberal institutionalism. Http://www.irtheory.com/know.htm



================================

Interdependence always carries with it costs - since

interdependence restricts autonomy. Can not specify if

benefits exceed the costs - depends on values of actors

and nature of relationships. Interdependance has two

dimensions : sensitivity [degrees of responsiveness within

Tuesday, 20 May, 2003 Page 7 of 10
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